Mattarella, the constitution was born out of anti-fascism

If the second office of the state, the tragic La Rossa, has left us with theories about the constitution that it will be “non-anti-fascist,” the first office, the President of the Republic, begins his speech on Liberation Day. With the most famous and powerful quote about the origins of our charter. “Go to the mountains where the revolutionaries fell, to the prisons where they were imprisoned, to the fields where they were hanged… because our constitution was born there.”

Sergio Mattarella turns to Piero Calamandri, in his famous lecture to students of Milan held the year before his death (1955), the source of dozens of quotes – “Freedom is like air”, “indifference”, “a will of 100 thousand. dead”—an essential text, a sort of emergency way out for a definitive closure of any debate about the origins of our Constitution. And the head of state adds to the text a summary of Jafri: “The fruit of April 25th is the constitution.”

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Greetings to Russia. Speaking of tombstones, speaking in Cuneo, Mattarella returns to Calamandre’s words at the end of the speech. The book quotes the famous quote that the great Florentine jurist wanted to dictate to him the “shame” of the “camerata Kesserling” – the original is located right in the atrium of the town hall in Cuneo because it was carved to commemorate the eighth anniversary of fascism. Assassination of Cuneo Duccio Gallimberti. The President of the Republic said: “Now is always the resistance.” The same slogan – coined by the founder of the Labor Party, and then, like Calamandre, a Social Democratic deputy – was shouted in all the squares and in all the processions in which yesterday’s April 25th returned as a popular holiday.

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It so happened that Mattarella celebrated the 70th anniversary of the Liberation, and he did so in Milan where on April 25, 2015 he delivered a speech focusing specifically on the origins of the Constitution. By virtue of his dual tenure at the Quirinale, it will be his turn to celebrate the 80th anniversary two years later. Yesterday was not a tour, particularly an evocative date. However, the Head of State exploited it for a very sharp and clear speech, very far from the beginning of the phrase that the Prime Minister delivered to the Corriere della Sera just yesterday morning. The word “anti-fascism” is found three times in President Mattarella’s text, to find the same number in previous speeches on April 25, five different speeches must be re-read. And it’s exactly the word Giorgia Meloni can’t pronounce.

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With words and gestures Obviously, there is no clear sign of direct contradiction with the Prime Minister’s speech. On the contrary, Mattarella’s first source of inspiration was always loyal collaboration for the benefit of the Republic. But clearly, this super-good now requires a reminder of the basics. Cuneo’s speech is structured exactly like the course of history: “By celebrating Liberation Day (on which many right-wingers propose to change the date or name, ed.), the republic celebrates its roots.” The resistance, which we have heard described in recent days as a marginal phenomenon, “was a popular movement.” Speaking of the Italians who were told only as victims, Mattarella recalls the “servile servility of the assured cooperation of the Nazis” and the resistance as “a moral rebellion to affirm national redemption” and “to ensure Italy’s survival in the disaster to which fascism had led to it”. If the republic was “founded on the constitution” And this was the “daughter of the struggle against fascism”, Mattarella adds that “constitutions are born in extraordinary moments in the life of society, on the basis of the values ​​that these moments express and inspire its principles.” It really seems like a reminder not to imagine impossible uprisings of the pact dictated by the arrogance of power and the political and momentary convenience .
In the end, “April 25th is the feast of Italian identity.” Other than a simple date to fight and delegitimize, as Meloni likes to say.

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If nothing in the institutional style of the Head of State hints at a distance from the Prime Minister, the essence of their speeches yesterday – the one in Cuneo Mattarella and the one in Corriere dei Meloni – describes the distance between the Quirinale and the hard-to-trace Palazzo Chigi of last April 25. Perhaps we need to go back to 2003, when Ciampi organized an official ceremony in the Quirinale and held Berlusconi in Sardinia.